The introductory morning lecture should prepare the students for the afternoon exercises. It should introduce the basic concepts and notions needed, but not yet give a technical description of the afternoon exercise. This should rather be done immediatly before starting the exercises. The following concepts and facts are useful for the exercises, and should be covered in the morning lecture, or latest in the afternoon introduction to the exercises: - basic building blocks of matter: quarks and leptons 6 different quarks 3 el. charged leptons (e, mu tau), 3 el. neutral partners (neutrinos) - how do we know / find this out: particle collisions, collider = microscope detector = eye Example: OPAL or DELPHI - building blocks come in 3 families w/ different mass but similar properties (one of the exercise aims: proof this for e, mu, tau ) - 4 basic forces, 3 of them important for elementary particles - Messenger particles for each force (especially Z0 is needed for the exercises) - corresponding charges for each force (especially three strong charges needed for exercises) - antimatter = matter with inverse charges - antimatter and matter annihilate into messenger particles (e.g. e+e- --> photon or Z0 needed for exercises) introduction of LEP (needed) - v.v., pair creation: messenger particles transform into matter-antimatter (needed for Z decays: 5 accessible quarks, top too heavy, 3 l, 3 v ) quarks form jets, v are invisible, taus transform into lighter particles. - Messenger particles also responsible for transformations of other particles concept of "interaction" = force or 'decay' or creation (tau decays needed for exercises, esp unseen neutrinos in tau decays. details of tau decays can be discussed before the exercise) - detection and identification of particles = function of their interactions (charges) and their mass - onion-like feature of particle detectors: each particle leave characteristic pattern. - particle identification = detective work. interprete detector response pattern (-> students' turn)